🟦 Introduction

Hello, brilliant learner! 👋
Have you ever wondered what sentences are made of?
They are built using phrases and clauses — just like bricks and cement build a house!

Today, you will learn:

• What phrases and clauses are

• How to tell them apart

• Types of phrases and clauses

• How to use them properly in sentences

Let’s get building! 🏗️

🟩 Key Concepts and Explanations

1. What is a Phrase?

A phrase is a group of words that work together as a unit but do not have both a subject and a verb.

✅ A phrase cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.

Examples:

• in the morning

• under the table

• running quickly

🎯 Tip:
Think of a phrase as a “half-built idea” — it gives extra information but needs more to form a full sentence.

2. What is a Clause?

A clause is a group of words that has both a subject and a verb.

✅ Some clauses can stand alone as complete sentences (main clauses).

Examples:

• She is running.

• When the sun rises

🎯 Tip:
Clauses are like “mini-sentences” inside bigger sentences!

3. Key Differences Between Phrases and Clauses

4. Types of Phrases

5. Types of Clauses

🟩 Special Notes

a. Important Subordinating Words

Subordinate clauses often begin with words like:

• because

• although

• since

• when

• if

• unless

• while

✅ Example:

• Because I was tired, I went to bed early.

b. How to Identify Phrases and Clauses

Ask yourself:

• Does it have a subject and a verb?

  • Yes = Clause

  • No = Phrase

✅ Example 1:
“after the party” → No subject or verb → Phrase

✅ Example 2:
“after the party ended” → Subject (“party”) + Verb (“ended”) → Clause

🟨 Sample Problem Walkthroughs

Walkthrough 1:

Identify: Is this a phrase or a clause?
“running through the park”

• Step 1: Does it have a subject? ❌ (no subject)

• Step 2: Does it have a verb? ✅ (running is a verb form, but no subject)

✅ Answer: Phrase

Walkthrough 2:

Identify: Is this a phrase or a clause?
“because she missed the bus”

• Step 1: Subject = she ✅

• Step 2: Verb = missed ✅

✅ Answer: Clause

🟨 Practice Exercises

✏️ Exercise A: Identify Phrases and Clauses

Write Phrase or Clause for each:

1. before the bell rings

2. a loud and noisy class

3. if you study hard

4. without any effort

5. the boy plays football

✏️ Exercise B: Complete the Sentences

Choose a correct phrase or clause to complete each sentence.

1. I went to the market ___________.

   • (A) buying vegetables

   • (B) because I needed fruits

2. She looked ___________.

   • (A) happy and excited

   • (B) although it was raining

3. We stayed indoors ___________.

   • (A) due to heavy rain

   • (B) when the rain stopped

✏️ Exercise C: Create Your Own

Create:

• One sentence using a noun phrase.

• One sentence using a subordinate clause.

✅ Answers and Explanations

Exercise A:

1. Clause (subject = bell, verb = rings)

2. Phrase (no subject or verb)

3. Clause (subject = you, verb = study)

4. Phrase (no subject or verb)

5. Clause (subject = boy, verb = plays)

Exercise B:

1. (B) because I needed fruits → Clause (full idea)

2. (A) happy and excited → Phrase (description)

3. (A) due to heavy rain → Phrase (reason)

Exercise C: (Sample answers)

• Noun Phrase: The black cat ran across the room.

• Subordinate Clause: I slept early because I was tired.

🔁 Recap

Today you learned:

• Phrases are groups of words without subject and verb.

• Clauses are groups of words with subject and verb.

• Main clauses stand alone; subordinate clauses depend on others.

• How to spot different types of phrases and clauses.

👉 Key Tip:
If you find a subject + verb = it’s a clause.
If you don’t = it’s a phrase!

🪞Reflection Prompt

Think about your last trip or fun day.

• Write one phrase that describes part of it.

• Write one clause that explains something that happened.

🌟 Example:

• Phrase: after the long journey

• Clause: because we missed the bus